PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE 1997 NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY ON 97tab.htm

1997 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Preliminary Results

Table 1A.Estimated Numbers of Persons (in Thousands) in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 1N.Survey Sample Sizes for All Respondents Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 2A.Estimated Numbers of Persons (in Thousands) in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 2N.Survey Sample Sizes for All Respondents Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 3A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Lifetime Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 3B.Percentages Reporting Lifetime Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 4A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Year Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 4B.Percentages Reporting Past Year Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 5A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Month Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 5B.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997
Table 6.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1996 and 1997
Table 7.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 to 17: 1996 and 1997
Table 8.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 18 to 25: 1996 and 1997
Table 9.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 26 to 34: 1996 and 1997
Table 10.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 35 and Older: 1996 and 1997
Table 11.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 12.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Marijuana, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 13.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cocaine, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 14.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Alcohol, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 15.Percentages Reporting Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 16.Percentages Reporting Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 17.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cigarettes, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997
Table 18A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Marijuana, Cocaine, and Alcohol Users in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Past Year Frequency of Use: 1985-1997
Table 18B.Percentages Reporting Marijuana, Cocaine, and Alcohol Use in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Past Year Frequency of Use: 1985-1997
Table 19.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 20.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Marijuana, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 21.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cocaine, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 22.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Alcohol, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 23.Percentages Reporting Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 24.Percentages Reporting Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 25.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Cigarettes, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 26.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997
Table 27.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Marijuana, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997
Table 28.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cocaine, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997
Table 29.Percentages Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use, Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, and Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997
Table 30.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cigarettes, by Detailed Age Categories: 1996 and 1997
Table 31A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Parental Status: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples
Table 31B.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Parental Status: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples
Table 32.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Any Illicit Drug in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Demographic Characteristics: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples
Table 33.Percentages Reporting Past Month Alcohol Use, Past Month "Binge" Alcohol Use, and Past Month Heavy Alcohol Use in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Demographic Characteristics: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples
Table 34.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Cigarettes in the U.S. Population of Females Aged 15 to 44, by Pregnancy Status and Demographic Characteristics: Annual Averages Based on 1996 and 1997 Samples
Table 35.Percentages of Past Month Users of Cigarettes or Alcohol in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco, by Levels of Past Month Cigarette and Alcohol Use: 1996 and 1997
Table 36.Percentages of Past Month Users of Cigarettes or Alcohol in the U.S. Population Aged 12 to 17 Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco, by Levels of Past Month Cigarette and Alcohol Use: 1996 and 1997
Table 37A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Lifetime Users of Specific Hallucinogens, Inhalants, Methamphetamine, Needles, and Heroin by Smoking or Sniffing/Snorting in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, By Age Group: 1996 and 1997
Table 37B.Percentages Reporting Lifetime Use of Specific Hallucinogens, Inhalants, Methamphetamine, Needles, and Heroin by Smoking or Sniffing/Snorting in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group: 1996 and 1997
Table 38.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Marijuana During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 39.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Cocaine During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 40.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Any Inhalant During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 41.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Any Hallucinogen During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 42.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Heroin During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 43.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used Alcohol During Each Year 1965-1995, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 44.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who First Used A Cigarette During Each Year 1965-1995, Their Mean Age at First Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 45.Estimated Number (in Thousands) of Persons Who Began Daily Cigarette Use During Each Year 1965-1996, Their Mean Age at First Daily Use, and Annual Age-Specific Rates of First Daily Use (per 1000 Person-Years of Exposure), Based on 1994-1997 NHSDAs
Table 46.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1985-1997
Table 47.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the U.S. Population Aged 12 to 17: 1985-1997
Table 48.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking One or More Packs of Cigarettes Per Day, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 49.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once a Month, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 50.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Smoking Marijuana Once or Twice a Week, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 51.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Using Cocaine Once a Month, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 52.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Using Cocaine Once or Twice a Week, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 53.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Having Four or Five Drinks Nearly Every Day, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 54.Percentages Reporting Perceptions of Great Risk of Having Five or More Drinks Once or Twice a Week, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997
Table 55.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)
Table 56.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)
Table 57.Percentages Reporting Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 18 and Older for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)
Table 58.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)
Table 59.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California, Arizona, and the Remainder of the U.S.: 1997 (Q2-Q4)
Table 60.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California: 1994-1997
Table 61.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California: 1994-1997
Table 62.Percentages Reporting Past Month Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the Population Aged 18 and Older for California: 1994-1997
Table 63.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the Population Aged 12 and Older for California: 1994-1997
Table 64.Percentages Reporting About Risk and Availability of Drugs in the Population Aged 12 to 17 for California: 1994-1997

80529 (101A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 1A.Estimated Numbers of Persons (in Thousands) in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	180,343	186,440	192,605	198,347	202,859	205,713	207,199	209,411	211,532	214,047	216,206

AGE GROUP
12-17	23,758	22,295	21,558	20,250	20,145	20,684	21,224	21,773	22,208	22,512	22,547
18-25	32,604	33,236	31,601	29,688	28,496	27,964	28,327	28,027	27,820	27,796	27,691
26-34	31,339	34,241	36,477	38,570	38,737	38,215	37,194	36,588	35,975	35,474	35,246
>35	92,641	96,669	102,969	109,839	115,481	118,850	120,453	123,023	125,529	128,265	130,722

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	147,202	150,087	154,224	156,742	157,363	158,398	157,693	159,029	159,722	160,358	161,169
Black	19,271	20,134	21,332	22,271	23,030	23,649	23,002	23,365	23,686	24,053	24,406
Hispanic	10,586	11,834	13,256	14,925	16,178	16,849	18,501	19,112	19,736	20,813	21,578
Other	3,283	4,385	3,793	4,408	6,288	6,816	8,002	7,905	8,388	8,823	9,054

SEX
Male	85,887	88,840	91,828	94,878	97,242	98,778	99,322	100,365	101,449	102,928	104,017
Female	94,456	97,600	100,776	103,468	105,617	106,935	107,877	109,046	110,083	111,120	112,189

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

NOTE:The population distributions for the 1993 through 1997 NHSDAs are post-stratified to population projections of totals based on the 1990 decennial census. The 1979 NHSDA used population projections based on the 1970 census; NHSDAs from 1982 through 1992 used projections based on the 1980 census. The change from one census base to another has little effect on estimated percentages reporting drug use, but may have a significant effect on estimates of number of drug users in some subpopulation groups.

NOTE:Estimates for 1979 through 1993 may differ from estimates for these survey years that were published in other NHSDA reports. The estimates shown here for 1979 through 1993 have been adjusted to improve their comparability with estimates based on the new version of the NHSDA instrument that was fielded in 1994 and subsequent NHSDAs. For 1979 and 1982, estimates are not shown (as indicated by --) where (a) the relevant data were not collected, or (b) the data for those drugs were based on measures that differed appreciably from those used in the other survey years. Consequently, adjustments to the 1979 and 1982 data were made only for those drugs whose measures were comparable to those in the other survey years.

Because of the methodology used to adjust the 1979 through 1993 estimates, some logical inconsistency may exist between estimates for a given drug within the same survey year. For example, some adjusted estimates of past year use may appear to be greater then adjusted lifetime estimates. These inconsistencies tend to be small, rare and not statistically significant.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (101N)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 1N.Survey Sample Sizes for All Respondents Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex: 1979-1997

Demographic Characteristics	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

TOTAL	7,224	5,624	8,021	8,814	32,594	28,832	26,489	17,809	17,747	18,269	24,505

AGE GROUP
12-17	2,165	1,581	2,230	3,095	8,005	7,254	6,978	4,698	4,595	4,538	7,844
18-25	2,044	1,283	1,812	1,505	7,937	7,721	5,531	3,706	3,963	4,366	6,239
26-34	1,064	1,571	2,166	1,987	8,126	7,516	8,342	5,223	5,213	5,262	4,387
>35	1,951	1,189	1,813	2,227	8,526	6,341	5,638	4,182	3,976	4,103	6,035

RACE/ETHNICITY
White	5,862	4,532	3,960	4,551	15,648	14,080	12,478	8,663	8,459	8,481	12,443
Black	798	673	1,950	1,888	8,050	6,511	6,183	4,010	4,208	4,372	4,639
Hispanic	354	299	2,003	2,193	7,916	7,148	6,894	4,706	4,599	4,841	6,259
Other	210	120	108	182	980	1,093	934	430	481	575	1,164

SEX
Male	3,357	2,637	3,516	3,938	14,422	12,988	12,059	7,950	7,652	7,774	10,836
Female	3,867	2,987	4,505	4,876	18,172	15,844	14,430	9,859	10,095	10,495	13,669

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse

80529 (1A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 2A.Estimated Numbers of Persons (in Thousands) in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	22,512	22,547	27,796	27,691	35,474	35,246	128,265	130,722	214,047	216,206

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	15,243	15,166	18,764	18,661	24,948	24,449	101,403	102,893	160,358	161,169
Black	3,288	3,227	3,778	3,874	4,282	4,392	12,706	12,912	24,053	24,406
Hispanic	2,909	3,007	3,882	3,807	4,504	4,643	9,518	10,120	20,813	21,578
Other	1,072	1,147	1,373	1,350	1,740	1,761	4,638	4,797	8,823	9,054

SEX
Male	11,538	11,501	13,871	13,981	17,352	17,490	60,167	61,045	102,928	104,017
Female	10,974	11,047	13,925	13,710	18,122	17,755	68,098	69,677	111,120	112,189

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	9,103	9,196	12,158	11,261	16,815	16,793	54,972	53,345	93,048	90,595
Small Metro	8,084	8,059	9,605	10,116	11,550	11,776	43,824	46,497	73,064	76,447
Nonmetro	5,324	5,292	6,033	6,314	7,109	6,677	29,470	30,881	47,936	49,164

REGION
Northeast	3,738	3,825	4,661	4,408	6,866	6,244	26,969	25,864	42,234	40,342
North Central	5,863	5,154	6,740	6,309	8,327	8,593	30,825	28,299	51,755	48,356
South	7,946	8,492	9,546	11,147	12,133	12,655	44,923	48,938	74,549	81,231
West	4,964	5,076	6,849	5,826	8,149	7,754	25,548	27,621	45,510	46,278

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	5,873	5,809	5,447	4,988	26,040	25,785	37,360	36,581
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	9,708	9,974	11,328	11,429	44,620	43,760	65,656	65,162
Some College	N/A	N/A	8,434	8,969	8,438	9,266	26,531	27,585	43,402	45,820
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	3,781	2,939	10,261	9,563	31,075	33,592	45,118	46,095

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	13,179	13,285	24,308	24,448	61,596	65,260	99,083	102,993
Part-time	N/A	N/A	6,417	6,293	3,705	3,546	11,953	11,328	22,075	21,167
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	2,227	2,316	1,863	1,911	4,179	4,327	8,269	8,554
Other³	N/A	N/A	5,973	5,797	5,598	5,341	50,538	49,808	62,109	60,945

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged >18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (1N)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998

Table 2N.Survey Sample Sizes for All Respondents Aged 12 and Older, by Age Group and Demographic Characteristics: 1996 and 1997

	AGE GROUP (Years)
	12-17		18-25		26-34		35 and Older		Total
Demographic Characteristic	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997	1996	1997

TOTAL	4,538	7,844	4,366	6,239	5,262	4,387	4,103	6,035	18,269	24,505

RACE/ ETHNICITY
White	2,092	3,970	1,858	2,966	2,614	1,939	1,917	3,568	8,481	12,443
Black	1,073	1,346	1,134	1,062	1,134	1,184	1,031	1,047	4,372	4,639
Hispanic	1,225	2,086	1,213	1,863	1,334	1,134	1,069	1,176	4,841	6,259
Other	148	442	161	348	180	130	86	244	575	1,164

SEX
Male	2,252	3,871	1,765	2,756	2,151	1,766	1,606	2,443	7,774	10,836
Female	2,286	3,973	2,601	3,483	3,111	2,621	2,497	3,592	10,495	13,669

POPULATION DENSITY¹
Large Metro	2,098	4,072	2,098	3,408	2,775	2,301	2,072	3,183	9,043	12,964
Small Metro	1,544	2,289	1,426	1,813	1,582	1,308	1,285	1,727	5,837	7,137
Nonmetro	896	1,483	842	1,018	905	778	746	1,125	3,389	4,404

REGION
Northeast	719	843	697	618	954	684	778	760	3,148	2,905
North Central	916	992	838	731	1,036	762	735	770	3,525	3,255
South	1,810	2,226	1,751	1,733	1,986	1,765	1,655	1,830	7,202	7,554
West	1,093	3,783	1,080	3,157	1,286	1,176	935	2,675	4,394	10,791

ADULT EDUCATION²
<High School	N/A	N/A	1,184	1,580	1,085	918	1,135	1,474	3,404	3,972
High School Grad	N/A	N/A	1,567	2,254	1,730	1,510	1,317	1,821	4,614	5,585
Some College	N/A	N/A	1,163	1,842	1,221	1,093	846	1,344	3,230	4,279
College Graduate	N/A	N/A	452	563	1,226	866	805	1,396	2,483	2,825

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT²
Full-time	N/A	N/A	1,889	2,922	3,400	2,856	2,245	3,061	7,534	8,839
Part-time	N/A	N/A	927	1,257	558	450	395	553	1,880	2,260
Unemployed	N/A	N/A	432	602	322	291	205	248	959	1,141
Other³	N/A	N/A	1,118	1,458	982	790	1,258	2,173	3,358	4,421

N/A: Not applicable.

¹Population density is based on 1990 MSA classifications and their 1990 Census of Population counts.

²Data on adult education and current employment not shown for persons aged 12-17. Estimates for both adult education and current employment are for persons aged >18.

³Retired, disabled, homemaker, student, or "other."

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1996 and 1997.

80529 (103A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 3A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Lifetime Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997

Drug	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

Any Illicit Drug¹	56,414^b	--	66,172^b	67,457^b	69,256^a	68,528^a	70,776	71,935^a	72,426^a	74,390	76,960

Marijuana and Hashish	50,322^b	53,312^b	56,547^b	60,755^b	61,900^b	62,075^b	64,149^a	65,229^b	65,545^b	68,571	71,112
Cocaine	15,541^b	21,756	21,495	21,058	23,271	22,482	23,369	21,821	21,700	22,130	22,597
Crack	--	--	--	2,672^b	4,194	3,010^a	4,034	4,042	3,895	4,628	4,208
Inhalants	--	--	15,167	12,646	12,300	10,988	12,240	12,178	12,016	11,909	12,335
Hallucinogens	16,016^b	16,989	13,221^b	15,165^b	17,007^a	17,065^a	18,743	18,217^a	20,129	20,699	20,656
PCP	--	--	3,811^b	4,143^b	4,936^a	5,550	5,683	5,911	6,718	6,755	6,480
LSD	--	--	8,889^b	11,874^b	13,045^b	13,681^a	14,471	14,711^a	15,852	16,400	16,760
Heroin	2,324	1,771	1,826	1,749	2,433	1,687	2,102	2,083	2,451	2,444	2,019
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	--	--	29,386^b	22,258	24,053^a	22,552	21,793	20,926	21,446	20,409	19,671
Stimulants	--	--	14,139^b	11,241	11,385	10,284	10,007	9,671	10,360	10,075	9,781
Sedatives	--	--	9,260^b	5,206	6,482^b	5,309	5,320	5,460^a	5,760^b	4,866	4,080
Tranquilizers	--	--	14,692^b	8,774	10,445^b	9,766^a	8,751	8,390^a	8,251	7,774	6,931
Analgesics	--	--	14,693^a	11,465	13,782^a	12,634	13,324	12,552	12,806^a	11,799	10,677

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana¹	--	--	43,130	38,301	40,228	38,923	40,803	39,383	40,426	40,375	40,948

Alcohol	159,525^b	159,415^b	163,608^a	166,571	169,640	168,572	171,167	176,290	174,182	176,707	177,112
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

Cigarettes	--	--	150,233	153,466	151,922	150,283	151,936	153,509	151,917	153,252	152,476

Smokeless Tobacco	--	--	--	36,551	35,420	37,538	32,862	36,042	35,899	36,369	37,445

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

¹Any Illicit Drug indicates use at least once of marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens (including PCP and LSD), heroin, or any prescription-type psychotherapeutic used nonmedically. Any Illicit Drug Other than Marijuana indicates use at least once of any of these listed drugs, regardless of marijuana/hashish use; marijuana/hashish users who also have used any of the other listed drugs are included.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

³"Binge" Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past 30 days. By "occasion" is meant at the same time or within a couple hours of each other. Heavy Alcohol Use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days; all Heavy Alcohol Users are also "Binge" Alcohol Users.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (103B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 3B.Percentages Reporting Lifetime Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997

Drug	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

Any Illicit Drug¹	31.3^b	--	34.4	34.0	34.1	33.3	34.2	34.4	34.2	34.8	35.6

Marijuana and Hashish	27.9^b	28.6^a	29.4^a	30.6	30.5	30.2	31.0	31.1	31.0^a	32.0	32.9
Cocaine	8.6^a	11.7	11.2	10.6	11.5	10.9	11.3	10.4	10.3	10.3	10.5
Crack	--	--	--	1.3^a	2.1	1.5^a	1.9	1.9	1.8	2.2	1.9
Inhalants	--	--	7.9^b	6.4	6.1	5.3	5.9	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.7
Hallucinogens	8.9	9.1	6.9^b	7.6^a	8.4	8.3	9.0	8.7	9.5	9.7	9.6
PCP	--	--	2.0^b	2.1^b	2.4	2.7	2.7	2.8	3.2	3.2	3.0
LSD	--	--	4.6^b	6.0^b	6.4^a	6.7	7.0	7.0	7.5	7.7	7.8
Heroin	1.3	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.2	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.1	0.9
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	--	--	15.3^b	11.2^a	11.9^b	11.0^a	10.5	10.0	10.1	9.5	9.1
Stimulants	--	--	7.3^b	5.7	5.6	5.0	4.8	4.6	4.9	4.7	4.5
Sedatives	--	--	4.8^b	2.6	3.2^b	2.6	2.6	2.6^b	2.7^b	2.3	1.9
Tranquilizers	--	--	7.6^b	4.4^a	5.1^b	4.7^b	4.2^a	4.0^a	3.9^a	3.6	3.2
Analgesics	--	--	7.6^b	5.8	6.8^b	6.1	6.4^a	6.0^a	6.1^a	5.5	4.9

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana¹	--	--	22.4^b	19.3	19.8	18.9	19.7	18.8	19.1	18.9	18.9

Alcohol	88.5^a	85.5	84.9	84.0	83.6	81.9	82.6	84.2^a	82.3	82.6	81.9
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

Cigarettes	--	--	78.0^a	77.4^a	74.9	73.1	73.3	73.3^b	71.8	71.6	70.5

Smokeless Tobacco	--	--	--	18.4	17.5	18.2	15.9	17.2	17.0	17.0	17.3

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (104A)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 4A.Estimated Numbers (in Thousands) of Past Year Users of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997

Drug	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

Any Illicit Drug¹	31,485^b	--	31,488^b	24,577	22,612	20,046^a	21,402	22,663	22,662	23,182	24,189

Marijuana and Hashish	29,869^b	29,685^b	26,145^b	19,492	18,067	16,322	17,510	17,813	17,755	18,398	19,446
Cocaine	8,608^b	10,458^b	9,839^b	7,151^b	5,284	4,332	3,947	3,664	3,664	4,033	4,169
Crack	--	--	--	1,459	1,451	1,144	1,416	1,258	1,018	1,375	1,375
Inhalants	--	--	2,657	2,441	2,379	1,889	1,940	2,213	2,308	2,427	2,329
Hallucinogens	5,260	4,149	3,198	3,200	2,562^b	2,530^b	2,479^b	2,725^b	3,416	3,602	4,063
PCP	--	--	455	167	172	207	199	206	322	382	369
LSD	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	1,651	2,108	2,104	1,956
Heroin	427	323	347	508	359	304	230^a	281^a	428	455	597
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	--	--	11,988^b	9,151^a	7,314	6,260	6,336	6,056	6,166	6,652	6,112
Stimulants	--	--	5,637^b	3,698^b	2,010	1,478	1,774	1,419	1,656	1,896	1,687
Sedatives	--	--	2,209^b	1,376	946	802	702	736	666	678	638
Tranquilizers	--	--	6,181^b	4,124^a	3,143	2,851	2,380	2,405	2,210	2,430	2,122
Analgesics	--	--	6,921^a	5,328	5,063	4,871	4,560	4,247	4,102	4,510	4,210

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana¹	--	--	18,725^b	14,884^a	12,624	10,815	10,968	11,127	11,393	11,644	11,896

Alcohol	131,443	126,534^a	140,394	135,044	138,113	133,090	137,771	140,121	138,314	138,912	138,500
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

Cigarettes	--	--	78,026	76,446	73,419	72,409	68,831	66,475^a	67,639^a	69,098	70,709

Smokeless Tobacco	--	--	--	11,140	10,704	11,416	9,168	10,017	9,667	10,030	10,065

*Low precision; no estimate reported.

-- Not available.

²Nonmedical use of any prescription-type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic; does not include over-the-counter-drugs.

^aDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

^bDifference between estimate and 1997 estimate is statistically significant at the .01 level.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

80529 (104B)PRELIMINARY DATA - AS OF JUNE 1998, ADJUSTED 1979-1993 ESTIMATES

Table 4B.Percentages Reporting Past Year Use of Illicit Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco in the U.S. Population Aged 12 and Older: 1979-1997

Drug	1979	1982	1985	1988	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997

Any Illicit Drug¹	17.5^b	--	16.3^b	12.4	11.1	9.7	10.3	10.8	10.7	10.8	11.2

Marijuana and Hashish	16.6^b	15.9^b	13.6^b	9.8	8.9	7.9	8.5	8.5	8.4	8.6	9.0
Cocaine	4.8^b	5.6^b	5.1^b	3.6^b	2.6	2.1	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.9
Crack	--	--	--	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6
Inhalants	--	--	1.4	1.2	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Hallucinogens	2.9^a	2.2	1.7	1.6	1.3^a	1.2^b	1.2^b	1.3^b	1.6	1.7	1.9
PCP	--	--	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
LSD	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.9
Heroin	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1^a	0.1^a	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nonmedical Use of Any Psychotherapeutic²	--	--	6.2^b	4.6^b	3.6	3.0	3.1	2.9	2.9	3.1	2.8
Stimulants	--	--	2.9^b	1.9^b	1.0	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8
Sedatives	--	--	1.1^b	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tranquilizers	--	--	3.2^b	2.1^a	1.5	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0
Analgesics	--	--	3.6^b	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.2	2.0	1.9	2.1	1.9

Any Illicit Drug other than Marijuana¹	--	--	9.7^b	7.5^b	6.2	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.5

Alcohol	72.9^b	67.9	72.9^b	68.1	68.1	64.7	66.5	66.9^a	65.4	64.9	64.1
"Binge" Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Heavy Alcohol Use³	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

Cigarettes	--	--	40.5^b	38.5^b	36.2	35.2	33.2	31.7	32.0	32.3	32.7

Smokeless Tobacco	--